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TRIPLE-DES CIPHER yUnlike the available alternative block ciphers, the DES cipher has been proven mathematically to not be an algebraic the available alternative block ciphers, the DES cipher has been proven mathematically to not be an algebraic Group. UConsequently, unlike those alternatives, three-pass encryption with DES yields a unlike those alternatives, three-pass encryption with DES yields a product cipher cipher with a keyspace dimension equivalent to the sum of the sizes of the independent keys used in those passes. (Two-pass use of a keyspace dimension equivalent to the sum of the sizes of the independent keys used in those passes. (Two-pass use of any "block cipher is vulnerable to cipher is vulnerable to meet-in-the-middle attacks.) Each additional key-bit doubles the size of the keyspace. This is a crude, but extremely effective approach to defeating exhaustive key-search attacks through many years of increased computing power evolution. additional key-bit doubles the size of the keyspace. This is a crude, but extremely effective approach to defeating exhaustive key-search attacks through many years of increased computing power evolution. NOTE: ]This type of product cipher can be attacked by two different types of key-search methods: type of product cipher can be attacked by two different types of key-search methods: (1) the obvious one of searching a 168-bit (3x56 bits) key-space, requiring an average of 2-to-the-167th- power triple-DES encryptions to crack the key used for a particular ciphertext (half the keyspace); or the obvious one of search/&;)Lz H Encryption vs Windows INFOSEC and WindowsCryptosystems and KeysPassphrasesWindows Security Leaks/Configuring Your Systemrorder form/&;)L4brZ4`!zrh1} U%N5;/6W6W(oo$_oWiwWVsoo oqW""o~W?6>WW1UW+CWˮcW0W(tW"W"HWEolopWWYtW2qoojorWEWo9eW$oIoWoEW7o:o1Wo@/WWWgW}W*ǷHW~gWo/WCWtpÌo"teZos{WofWWRWgoLWkCWWW`W*?osWWWougoX.WpWpW@WkW$WcHWaW.>W,WsKWW6]WJWt\WOW?WCWWK?W;WW6WfWbWӖWMWWooW!'W WKW%W)WcWAmE%ovWzWzW9vWyWwW|?A`2Wo6WoBzW6Wo.o`WWC?AGWCn iWf ooo5C$ooWO'o=oNWgW^EoovoW;WH?lP \x0 #50 ww0 `x#00 `0#+0GO#GG0 `##GGkkCCgg##G?kcR2##GGkk0#Gk#GkwpЀC0wx٤gww8p525?B? ! !A4 !A74 _7@1_!S!#cdG`Cb74`C"V#`C"#WSG$kП%⷟ee'eKooۘ#_#lkُ