Footnote 76
Supp. Prop., §41-43. I have mended the text as well
as I could by inserting words, and adopting different readings. Nearly
all the emendations rest on authority; see the Critical Notes. The
text is not a good one, but I do not see why these sections may not have
been written by Chaucer. For a definition of the terms `Urnbra Extensa'
and `Umbra Versa' see sections 5 and 6 of the Practica Chilindri of John
Hoveden, published by the Chaucer Society. The umbra extensa
or recta is the sliadow cast on a plain by any perfectly upright
object; but the restriction is commonly introduced, that the altitude of
the sun shall exceed 45°. The umbra versa is the shadow
cast perpendicularly downwards along a wall by a style which projects
from the wall at right angles to it; the restriction is commonly introduced,
that the sun's altitude shall be less than 45°. The umbra
versa is the one which appeared on the `chylindre'; hence John de Hoveden
explains how to calculate the altitude of an object by it.