Chemistry - 2007-08

North Middlesex Regional High School
Mr. Virzi

TEST ON NUCLEAR - SECTION B - Monday 6/16

6/12 to 6/16

1. Read Nuclear - B.1 - B.9, p.428 - 447.

2. Do Section Summary problems on p. 446 - 447

3. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 6"

4. Watch "A is for Atom (1953)" at http://www.archive.org/details/isforAto1953

5. Read "The Radium Girls" by Bill Kovarik at http://www.runet.edu/~wkovarik/envhist/radium.html

6. Watch "Duck and Cover (1951)" at http://www.archive.org/details/DuckandC1951

7. Read through "Radioactivity - Basic Types" at http://www.darvill.clara.net/nucrad/types.htm and then try the Quick Quiz questions (link at the bottom of the page.)

8. Watch "Chernobyl: 20 Years Later" at http://pbs-newshour.onstreammedia.com/cgi-bin/visearch?user=pbs-newshour&template=play220ram.html&query=radiation&squery=%2BClipID%3A5+%2BVideoAsset%3Apbsnh042606&inputField=undefined&ccstart=2302561&ccend=2483650&videoID=pbsnh042606

----------------------------
----------------------------

TEST ON NUCLEAR UNIT - SECTIONS A - D - Wednesday 6/18

6/16 to 6/18

1. Read Nuclear - C.1 - D.5, p.448 - 482.

2. Do Section Summary problems on p. 462 - 463 and 481 - 482.

3. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 6"

4. Watch "Debate Resumes Over Nuclear Power" at http://pbs-newshour.onstreammedia.com/cgi-bin/visearch?user=pbs-newshour&template=play56ram.html&query=radiation&squery=%2BClipID%3A6+%2BVideoAsset%3Apbsnh042606&inputField=undefined&ccstart=2542872&ccend=3199145&videoID=pbsnh042606

5. 2. Watch "Atomic Alert (Elementary version) (1951)" at http://www.archive.org/details/AtomicAl1951

6. Read through the description of "half life" at http://www.darvill.clara.net/nucrad/hlife.htm and then try the 3 Quick Quiz questions and see how you do.

7. Watch "Operation Cue (1955)" at http://www.archive.org/details/Operatio1955

---------------------
TEST ON NUCLEAR - SECTION A - Wednesday 6/11

6/9 to 6/11

1. Read Nuclear - A.1 - A.6, p.410 - 427.

2. Do Section Summary problems on p. 426 - 427

3. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 6"

4. Use the links below to help you answer questions a-i. Bring your answers with you to be stapled to the test on Section A
http://www.ccnr.org/usgs.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/simpsons/episodeguide/season7/page2.shtml
http://www.eserc.stonybrook.edu/ProjectJava/Radiation/index.html
http://www.stcc.edu/
http://www.nrc.gov/
http://jnm.snmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/26/5/503?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=virzi&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT

a. What is the half-life of Pb-203?
b. What did Melvin and Maria Mininson receive from Bomb Shelters, Inc. in 1959 in exchange for spending the first two weeks of their marriage in a fallout shelter?
c. How long will it take for a sample of Sr-90 containing 6,000 microcuries of activity to decay down to 1 microcurie?
d. Ten million years from now, which isotope will be most hazardous to drinking water supplies: Pu-239, Ra-226, U-233, or Th-229?
e. Who was Radioactive Man’s trusty sidekick, and who was he played by?
f. Go to http://www.eserc.stonybrook.edu/ProjectJava/Radiation/index.html and answer the following questions:
(i) Study the decay of Pu-241 (half-life = 10.0 years) by clicking on "animate." Starting with 1 X 1010 atoms of Pu-241, how many atoms of Pa-233 will be formed after 50 years?
(ii) How many atoms of Bi-209 will be present after 5,000 years?
g. How long does it take to go through the training program in Nuclear Medicine at Springfield Technical Community College?
h. Name three states have six or more nuclear power plants.
i. WHY is Y-90 used for radiotherapy rather than for radiodiagnosis?

TEST ON AIR UNIT - SECTIONS A - D - FRIDAY 5/30

5/27 to 5/30

1. Read Air - C.1 - D.8, p.297 - 335.

2. Do Section Summary problems on p. 313 - 314 and 334 - 335.

3. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 4"

4. Read "Hot Air Balloons: Gas and Go" by Claudia Vanderborght at http://homer.ugdsb.on.ca/jfr/jfr_science/Greisman/SCH4U%20for%20Web/Unit%203/Chapter%209/Caves%20article.pdf

5. Try your luck at these classics in chemistry humor - http://www.chemclub.com/chemhumor

6. Hmmmmm...

7. Study questions 1-30 for "Air" test.

----------------------------
----------------------------

TEST ON AIR - SECTIONS A & B - FRIDAY 5/16

5/9 to 5/16

1. Read Air - A.1 - B.8, p.248 - 296.

2. Do Section Summary problems on p. 272 - 275 and 295 - 296.

3. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 4"

4. Listen to "Effects of Global Warming Apparent in Bering Sea" by Chris Joyce at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5254854

5. COMPUTER LAB - Weighing Gases http://web.umr.edu/~gbert/Gas/AIGases.html

6. Listen to "Research Finds Whales, Too, Can Get the Bends" by Christopher Joyce at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4243037

7. Listen to "Study Sees Promise in Suspended Animation Technique" by Jon Hamilton at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4612396

8. Try working through the four levels of equation-balancing problems by clicking on each level:
Ia *** Ib *** IIa *** IIb
For each level, answer TWO questions correctly. For each question, write down (a) the equation (b) the question and (c) your correct answer. Bring in your eight answers to be stapled to the test on Air, Sections A & B on Friday. Since these problems are randomly generated, NO TWO STUDENTS WILL BE GIVEN CREDIT FOR EXACTLY THE SAME EIGHT ANSWERS.

----------------------
5/2 to 5/9

TEST ON PETROLEUM UNIT - SECTIONS A - D - Friday 5/9

1. Read Petroleum - C.1 - D.3, p.216 - 241.

2. Here is a link to Unit 3 - C and Unit 3 - D of ChemCom Online (4th edition)

3. Do Section Summary problems on p. 232 - 233 and 240 - 241

4. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 3"

5. Watch "Looking Ahead Through Rohm & Haas Plexiglas" (Part II, 1947) at http://www.archive.org/details/LookingA1947

6. Read "Chemical Companies Look to Coal as an Oil Substitute" By CLAUDIA H. DEUTSCH at http://www.precaution.org/lib/06/prn_oil_from_coal.060418.htm

---------------
---------------
11/20 to 11/30 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 4/28 to 5/2

TEST ON PETROLEUM - SECTION B - Friday 5/2

1. Read Petroleum - B.1 - B.6, p.198 - 215.

2. Here is a link to Unit 3 - B of ChemCom Online (4th edition)

3. Do Section Summary problems on p. 213 - 215

4. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 3"

5. Go to http://www.chem.ox.ac.uk/vrchemistry/chapter19/page31.html and do problems 1, 2, 3 (draw structures only), 4, 8 (draw structures only), 9 & 10. Bring your answers to these questions with you to be stapled to the test on Petroleum, Section B on Friday.

6. Watch "Destination Earth (1956)" at http://www.archive.org/details/Destinat1956

7. Read "Under All That Ice, Maybe Oil" by By ANDREW C. REVKIN at http://www.oce.uri.edu/nytimes-drill-20041130.pdf

8. Watch "Down the Gasoline Trail (1935)" at http://www.archive.org/details/DowntheG1935

---------------
---------------
4/4 to 4/17

TEST ON PETROLEUM - SECTION A - THURSDAY 4/17

1. Read Petroleum - A.1 - A.7, p.174 - 194.

2. Here is a link to Unit 3 - A of ChemCom Online (4th edition)

3. Do Section Summary problems on p. 192 - 194

4. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 3"

5. Watch the narrated animation "Covalent Bonds" at http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp02/02020.html?

6. Watch "Chevrolet Leader News (Vol. 2, No. 4) (1936)" at http://www.archive.org/details/Chevrole1936_4

7. Read "Turning Genetically Engineered Trees Into Toxic Avengers" by By HILLARY ROSNER at http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9A04E3DB163CF930A3575BC0A9629C8B63

8. Listen to "Lead Use in Gasoline" at http://www.theconnection.org/shows/2000/03/20000328_a_main.asp

TEST ON Materials Unit - SECTIONS A - D - Thursday 4/3

3/25 to 4/3



1. Read Materials - D.1 - D.6, p.153 - 169.

2. Here is a link to Unit 2 - D of ChemCom Online (4th edition)

3. Do Section Summary problems on p. 169.

4. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 2"

5. Do the eight % solution problems that are found at http://hs.houstonisd.org/debakeyhs/Lessons/indepmix.html. Bring in your answers to be stapled to the test on the Materials Unit on 11/1.

6. Go to http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Mole/MolarMass.html Scroll down to the bottom of the page and practice calculating the molar masses of a few of the 80 compounds until you're able to correctly calculate the molar masses of FIVE IN A ROW. (To see the answers, simply click on "answers").

7. Go to http://science.widener.edu/svb/homework/reaction.html. Balance equations 1a - 1f.

8. Watch "Aluminum on the March" (Part I, 1956) at http://www.archive.org/details/Aluminum1956

9. Read "WHAT'S THAT STUFF? FIREWORKS" at http://pubs.acs.org/cen/whatstuff/stuff/7927sci3.html

10. Read "Gallium" by Oliver Sacks at http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/gallium.html

12. Watch "Introduction to Periodic Table - Dr. Martin Vala" (about 7 min.) at http://real.video.ufl.edu:8080/ramgen/chm2040/lectures/6-2periodictable.rm

10. Reminder - Periodic Table Games - http://chemistry2.csudh.edu/ptablegames/ptablegames.html click "Level 1" - be able to complete level 1 anytime before the end of 3rd Quarter (Wednesday, 4/9) for extra credit points which will be added toward your final 1st Quarter grade. No more than 1 to 3 misses : +2 points; 0 misses : +4 points. WOW!!




TEST ON Materials - SECTION B - Tuesday 3/25

3/18 to 3/25

1.. Read Materials - B.1 - B.6, p.112 - 127.

2. Here is a link to Unit 2 - B of ChemCom Online (4th edition)

3. Do Section Summary problems on p. 126-127.

4. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 2"

5. Listen to "A Question on Earth Day: Paper, Plastic or Neither? " at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4615730

6. Listen to "Beethoven Suffered from Lead Poisoning" by Robert Siegel at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5041495

7. Read Materials - C.1 - C.8, p.128 - 152.

8. Here is a link to Unit 2 - C of ChemCom Online (4th edition)

9. Do Section Summary problems on p. 151-152.

10. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 2"

11. Play "Hit the Moles"

12. Listen to "THE NIGHT BEFORE MACY'S" at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1032952



-----------------------
-----------------------

TEST ON Materials - SECTION A - Monday 3/17

3/11 to 3/17

1. Listen to "Chemical Elements Reduced to Words" at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4696667

2. Listen to "Obsessive Genius, The Life of Marie Curie" at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4212857

3. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 2"

4. Use the links below to help you answer questions a-i. Bring your answers with you to be stapled to the test on Section A on Monday, 10/15.
http://www.kennecottminerals.com/
http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/55.html
http://www.usmint.gov/
http://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rls=GGLG,GGLG:2005-49,GGLG:en&q=newlands+periodic+triads+octave
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11994794&dopt=Abstract
http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1918/haber-bio.html
http://www.sarusilver.com/
http://www.uky.edu/Projects/Chemcomics/

a. In Superboy, Volume 6, how does Superboy test his hypothesis that explains where the mercury flood came from?
b. German chemist Fritz Haber (1868-1934) won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his work on synthesizing ammonia from its elements. During the first decade of the twentieth century, the world-wide demand for nitrogen based fertilizers exceeded the existing supply. The largest source of the chemicals necessary for fertilizer production was found in a huge guano deposit (essentially sea bird droppings) that was 220 miles in length and five feet thick, located along the coast of Chile. Haber also organized and directed the first large scale release of chlorine gas at Ypres, France on April 22, 1915. Although figures reported vary, somewhere between 5,000 to 15,000 Allied troops were wounded or killed that day, with loses among German troops due to the gas, in the hundreds. Later in his career, from 1920 until 1926 Haber experimented on the recovery of gold from sea water, his idea being to enable Germany to meet her war debts from World War 1.
(i) He also tried to produce gold by the transmutation of what element into gold?
(ii) What does transmutation mean?
(iii) Why did Haber eventually leave Germany?
c. What % nickel is contained in the alloy NIBRO?
d. Describe an experiment that you could do to SHOW that cesium reacts with ice even at a temperature of -116oC. Keep in mind that cesium ignites spontaneously in air, producing a brilliant blue flame!
e. The German chemist Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner (1780-1849). noted in 1829 that the element bromine, discovered three years earlier by the French chemist Antoine Jerome Balard (1802-1876), seemed just halfway in its properties between chlorine and iodine. (Iodine had been discovered by another French chemist, Bernard Courtois (1777-1838), in 1811.) Not only did chlorine, bromine, and iodine show a smooth gradation in such properties as color and reactivity, but the atomic weight of bromine seemed to lie just midway between those of chlorine and iodine. Dobereiner went on to find two other groups of three elements exhibiting neat gradations of properties: calcium, strontium, and barium; and sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. In both groups the atomic weight of the element in the middle was about midway between those of the other two. Dobereiner called these groups "triads", and searched unsuccessfully for others. The fact that five-sixths of the known elements could not be fitted into any triad arrangement made chemists decide that Dobereiner's findings were merely coincidence. Name three elements in the same group and which are not seperated by other elements that do NOT form a "triad."
f. How many grams of copper are there in a nickel?
g. How many KILOGRAMS of gold were mined from the Kennecott Denton-Rawhide site between April 1990 and the end of 2000?
h. There is only one substance that will not turn into a solid even if you lower the temperature down to very near absolute zero, -273 oC, at ordinary pressures, and there is a monument to this element in Amarillo, Texas. What is it? (no link is provided for this one)
i. In their article entitled "Examination of the contaminants and performance of animals fed and bedded using de-inking paper sludge," (Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2002 May;42(4):523-8), why did Beauchamp, Boulanger, Matte, and Saint-Laurent do the experiments in which they mixed some de-inking paper sludge into the food that the chickens and pigs ate? (The reason is not mentioned in the abstract; use your common sense.)


-----------------------
-----------------------

TEST ON WATER UNIT- SECTIONS A - D - Monday 3/10
3/4 to 3/10

1. Review, review, review. Scroll back down the page and re-read anything that wasn't clear the first time through.

2. If you need to practice writing ionic formulas, or naming ionic compounds if you're given the formula (and you KNOW who you are...) here are two worksheets with answers for you to practice on: http://misterguch.brinkster.net/PRA005.pdf and http://misterguch.brinkster.net/PRA038.pdf

3. Listen to "What Is Humidity" (under "Weather Songs") at http://www.acme.com/jef/science_songs

(note - assignments after this point won't be covered on Monday's test on the Water Unit)
4. Read Materials - A.1 - A.8, p.92 - 111.

5. Here is a link to Unit 2 - A of ChemCom Online (4th edition)

6. Do Section Summary problems on p. 109-111.

7. Go to http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/a_p_chem.htm and take the online "Physical or Chemical Change" quiz.

8. Listen to The Elements Song

9. Periodic Table Games - http://chemistry2.csudh.edu/ptablegames/ptablegames.html click "Level 1" - be able to complete level 1 anytime before the end of 3rd Quarter (Wednesday, 4/9) for extra credit points which will be added toward your final 1st Quarter grade. No more than 1 to 3 misses : +2 points; 0 misses : +4 points. WOW!!

10. Listen to "The Conservation Song" (under "More Nature Songs") at http://www.acme.com/jef/science_songs

-----------------------
-----------------------

TEST ON WATER UNIT- SECTIONS C & D - Monday 3/3

2/25 to 3/3

1. Read Water - C.1 - D.5, p.45 - 89.

2. Here is a link to Unit 1 -C and Unit 1 - D of ChemCom Online (4th edition)

3. Do Section Summary problems on p. 67-68.

4. Listen to "California Town Votes on Huge Desalinization Plant" by Rob Schmitz at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4961260

5. Watch the narrated animations "Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding" and "Ionic Bonds" at http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp02/02020.html?

6. Listen to "Why Is It Raining Raindrops" (under "Experiment Songs") at http://www.acme.com/jef/science_songs

7. Listen to "Fish Virus Spreads in Great Lakes" at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10442374

8. Watch "City Water Supply" (1941) at http://www.archive.org/details/CityWate1941

9. Listen to "Plastic Pollution in the World's Ocean" at http://www.npr.org/features/feature.php?wfId=1335573

-----------------------
-----------------------

TEST ON WATER - SECTION B - Thursday, 2/14 (this test will count for everyone !)

Links and ideas for persuasive essay topics - CLICK HERE

2/4 to 2/14

1. Read Water - B.1 - B.10, p.22 - 44.

2. Here is a link to Unit 1 - B of ChemCom Online (4th edition)

3. Do Section Summary problems on p. 42-44.

4. Listen to "Filtering Provides Inexpensive Way to Clean Water" by Jon Hamilton at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5043050

5. Listen to "Grand Coulee Dam (under "Energy & Motion Songs")" at http://www.acme.com/jef/science_songs

Bring in your answers to questions 6, 7 & 8 to be stapled to your test on Thursday, 2/14.

 6. Go to http://www.explorelearning.com and click on "Enroll in a class here." On the next screen click on "New students, please click here to continue the enrollment process." Enter the class code on the next screen - FNWEBTQX6Z. Enter your name and create a password; you should be on the Chemistry page.

Scroll down to "Solubility and Temperature," click on "Launch Gizmo." Make two tables, one for potassium nitrate and another for salt. In each table, in one column measure how much of each solid will go into solution at 5 different temperatures. Look at the bar chart as you add your material, click on "show numerical value" - you're trying to find maximum amount of solid material that the water can hold before any solid starts to pile up at the bottom of the beaker, without overshooting. Try practicing at 9 degrees with potassium nitrate, and see if you can come up with a value of 19g as the maximum amount of potassium nitrate that dissolves at that temperature. You have to have your own 10 temperatures by the way; copying someone else's values will get you a zero for this assignment. If you can't get this to work, PLEASE ASK ME FOR HELP. Bring in your two tables to be stapled to the test on Water - Section B next Thursday.

7. Go to Triple Beam Balance Gizmo and measure the weights of the paper clips, the cone, and the light bulb.

8. Go to the density laboratory. (a) Find the densities of objects 1-12 and A, B & C in g/cc. EXTRA CREDIT - find the liquid density in the big container needed for the following: (b) Crown C floats, Crown B sinks, and Crown A stays suspended. (c) Suppose you had a truckload of mixed plastics consisting of materials 2, 3, 5, 11, and 12. What density liquid could you use to isolate material 11 in pure form by getting the other four materials to float? (d) What density liquid could you use to isolate material 3 in pure form by getting the other four materials to sink?

9. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 1"

10. Listen to "Toxic Waste Worries Linger in Massachusetts Town" by Nancy Cohen at http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5164282

11. Watch Molecular View of Solution Formation at http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/molvie1.swf

12. Listen to the part of the lecture about water properties - Fri, 01/20 - approximately 6:30 - 18:30 (up to redox) - from UC Berkeley at http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses/archive.php?seriesid=1906978265

13. Play the binary compound matching game at http://www.quia.com/mc/65800.html


Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats! Go Pats!


1/28 to 2/1

TEST ON WATER - SECTION A - Friday 2/1 (this one will count only if you want it to; everyone must take it)

1. Read p. 4-19 and Appendix B, p. 562-6. Do Practice Prob. 1-6.

2. Here is a link to Unit 1 - A of ChemCom Online (4th edition)

3. Watch "The Adventures of Junior Raindrop" (1948) at http://www.archive.org/details/Adventur1948

4. Please cover your books!!

5. To try some practice problems for this section, go to http://www.whfreeman.com/chemcom/ and click on "Interactive ChemCom Media for Teachers and Students," "next," and "Unit 1"

6. Do the Section Summary problems on p. 20-21.

7. Read "Bottled Water Isn't Healthier Than Tap, Report Reveals" by James Owen at http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/02/0224_060224_bottled_water.html

8. Listen to "The Water Cycle Song (under "Weather Songs")" at http://www.acme.com/jef/science_songs

9. Read "Bad to the Last Drop" by TOM STANDAGE at http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/01/opinion/01standage.html?ei=5088&en=1f70bb8 df1726693&ex=1280548800&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=print

10. Listen to "Ice Is A Solid" (under "Experiment Songs") at http://www.acme.com/jef/science_songs



Links for computer lab
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/graphics/density/density_sim3x

http://www.321know.com/g71f_nx1.htm
http://www.321know.com/g71g_sx1.htm
http://www.321know.com/g71n_mx1.htm
----------------------------
----------------------------